一、主谓一致常考难题
1、一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式:glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
2、如果主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词
一般用单数形式。例如:
A pair of shoes was on the desk.
3、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如: Truth and honesty is the best policy.
4、当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如: The teacher as well as the students was excited.
5、A (great) number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
6、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Those who want to go please sign your names here.
7、季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。 1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
二、形容词的顺序
1、限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料。
2、某些以a-开首的形容词例如:afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。
3、某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly,lively, lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔细地,密切地
2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不
4)late 晚,迟 lately 近来
5)most 极,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide广阔地,充分地 widely广泛地
7)high高 highly高度地,非常地
8)deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”
9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10)near邻近 nearly几乎
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三、比较级,最高级
1、表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示:This room is less beautiful than that one.
2、表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far, yet, by far等修饰,例如:He works even harder than before.
3、by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。例如:He is taller by far than his brother.
4、某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。superior,junior,senior等。例如:He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.
5、在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(Those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。
that指物,one既可指人,也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词。例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.
6、表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, width, etc) of B. 例如:The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。[高三倍]
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.例如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
A is three (four, etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B. 例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
表示两倍可以用
twice 或 double。
7、表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
四、
so, such
1、如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such。如:
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.
2、当little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
五、
almost与nearly
1、在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如: I'm not nearly ready.
2、在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如: I almost never see her.
六、情态动词
1、need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用
must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如:Need I finish the work today? --Yes, you must.
注意:
needn't have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如:You needn't have waited for me.
2、“should have don
高中英语语法中必考的18个重难点.docx